Russian cosmonauts prepare for mission to Mars

Now 2 days ago the Soyuz MS-25 spacecraft, which had been carrying cosmonauts Oleg Kononenko and Nikolai Chub, as well as astronaut Tracy Dyson, returned to Earth with the three crew members landed safely back on the planet. Now the two Russian cosmonauts had been in space for a total of 374 days, representing the longest flight undertaken under the auspices of the ISS programme.
Experts have highlighted the significance of the record in preparing for long-term interplanetary missions, such as expeditions to Mars. Furthermore, the data obtained from the experiment will be invaluable to the entire global industry, including Elon Musk, as SpaceX lacks the necessary experience of a prolonged human presence in space.
So how does work in orbit relate to the potential for interplanetary flights? 
The record set by Oleg Kononenko and Nikolai Chub is of great importance for the field of cosmonautics, particularly in the context of preparing for long-term interplanetary missions, such as expeditions to Mars, according to analysts.
It is increasingly important to understand how factors such as microgravity, radiation and isolation affect health, physical fitness, cognitive functions and the psyche as a person's time in space increases, according to Nicholas Oxman, an expert in manned spaceflight and author of the Cosmodiever Telegram channel..
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— Long-term expeditions like this one help improve methods for preventing the loss of muscle mass, bone density and other physiological problems that arise during prolonged stays in zero-gravity conditions. Astronauts who spend a lot of time on the station have the opportunity to test various life support systems, resource management and autonomous technologies, which will be critical for long-distance missions where communication with Earth will be more limited.

The Soyuz MS-25 spacecraft, which had been carrying the cosmonauts and astronaut Tracy Dyson back from the station, landed southeast of the Kazakh city of Zhezkazgan. The undocking of the spacecraft from the International Space Station took place at 11:36 Moscow time on 23 September. The Russian Prichal node module was then separated. The landing took place at 14:59. So it was quite a short journey back
The mission, which was the longest duration of stay under the ISS programme, and was completed by Oleg Kononenko and Nikolai Chub, who spent a total 374 days in space. The previous individuals to achieve this feat are compatriots Valery Polyakov and Sergey Avdeyev, who spent 438 days in orbit in 1994-1995 and 380 days in 1998-1999, respectively, flying on the Mir station. Tracy Dyson spent 184 days in space.
Please find attached a photograph of the space station.

As Dr Arslan Niyazov, a physician specialising in aviation and space medicine at the Institute of Medical and Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, has noted, the main challenge for astronauts on long-term expeditions is the prolonged effect of weightlessness on the human body.

— Cosmonauts experience overloads of stress on the body only during take-off and landing stages, regardless of the duration of the flight. However, during the duration of the stay flight itself in space, the body experiences an insufficient load. For instance, Oleg Kononenko spent a total of more than 1,000 days in orbit. The future expedition to Mars will last approximately 500 days, which is amost twice what the current cosmonauts have spent in the space station .Therefore, such long flights provide an opportunity to better study the effect of space on the body, according to Arslan Niyazov,

Upon the cosmonauts' return to Earth, medical studies will be conducted to assess the impact of their almost year-long stay on the ISS on their cardiovascular system, muscles, bones and other organs.
The primary objective of manned cosmonautics is to develop the capabilities to live and work in space, according to industry expert Dmitry Strugovets,
From one orbit of Yuri Gagarin's flight, through German Titov's 24-hour flight, through Valery Polyakov's 437 days of flight (which remains a record to this day), we have reached a point when a person has endured a total of 1,111 days of a Russian human presence outside the Earth (albeit during Oleg Kononenko's five flights). In terms of time spent in space, 1,000 days is equivalent to two round trips to Mars. This is a rough estimate of the physical condition of Oleg Kononenko, who can be compared to a person who would have made two such expeditions.
It is important to note that when travelling to other planets, cosmic and solar radiation will be additional factors to consider in space flight. Dmitry Strugovets has stated that, in line with the current requirements for cosmonauts, the maximum permitted duration of a single long flight during a career is currently one year. Furthermore, our cosmonauts have demonstrated that a person can survive in microgravity conditions for a year and a half, with and without breaks.

Mr. Andrei Ionin, a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics, states that the practical value of long flights in orbit is limited. Of all the space missions currently in preparation, only the expedition to Mars will last for a comparable length of time. However, the implementation of this project is still some way off.

It is crucial to study not only the effect of zero gravity, but also the impacts that will occur during the flight for the upcoming expedition to Mars. By way of illustration, this includes radiation. However, the experiments conducted on the ISS do not provide sufficient grounds for this assumption, as the radiation background along the route to Mars will be completely different.
There is still hope for the ROS (Russian Orbital Station) to be lauched in 2027 . It is scheduled to be put into a polar orbit. where the cosmonauts will be partially outside the protection of the Earth's radiation field.
Mr. Musk previously announced that his first rockets would be sent to Mars in the coming years, with the first expeditions following thereafter, if all goes well, according to Dmitry Strugovets. However, the expert stated that these plans will not be implemented with such rapidity. In addition to the current limitations of technology, Mr. Musk is still lacking the second half of the equation for the comprehensive implementation of the programme, namely, the experience of human existence in space.
You have to bear in mind that despite the acheivements of Space X and its resusable rocket it has only acheived what Roscosmos did before I was born in the 1950's and has lauched satelittes into space ,ok quite a large number for starlink and it has delivered cargo an personell to the International Space Station but bear in mins Roscosmos has been doing that for over 50 years. It has built lauched and manned space stations in earths orbit since 1971 with a series of Salyut stations followed by Mir and then ISS. It also has the training programme for US and other Foreign astronauts who all train in Russia before heading to the ISS.
Musk is going to have to work with Roscomos if he wants to be more that a goods and personel delivery service in space.

— He needs to learn from the US who have had collaborated with Russia on the ISS project, learning from them and adopting many of their techniques. Ok Space X in context, maybe has got ahead of Russia in rocket engineering technology, but Russia is still the leader in space exploration knowledge and experience. and that is something that Musks billions cannot buy
Mr. Rodin highlighted the unique circumstances surrounding the ISS expedition, noting that it is taking place amidst significant challenges with Boeing's Starliner. The American reusable manned spacecraft was not technically prepared for a return flight with people on board, resulting in the astronauts remaining on the ISS without an exact date for returning to Earth. The spacecraft returned to Earth unmanned, and there were significant issues with its operation.
So Russia despite not having the tens of billions of dollars thrown at it like the the US Space X, the massive NASA Budget, the wasted Boeing billions continues to lead the way in space travel and exploration. If Musk wants to get to Mars then he really needs to first book a ticket to Space City which is 50kms outside of Moscow where he will learn so much that money just cannot buy. Trust me, I have been there and I got more than just this wonderful shirt.